8.1 World Mixed Martial Arts Association.Following these changes, the sport has seen increased popularity with a pay-per-view business that rivals boxing and professional wrestling. MMA promoters were pressured to adopt additional rules to increase competitors' safety, to comply with sport regulations and to broaden mainstream acceptance of the sport. Later, individual fighters incorporated multiple martial arts into their style. Originally promoted as a competition to find the most effective martial arts for real unarmed combat, competitors from different fighting styles were pitted against one another in contests with relatively few rules. The company held an event with almost no rules, mostly due to the influence of Art Davie and Rorion Gracie attempting to replicate Vale Tudo fights that existed in Brazil and would later implement a different set of rules (example: eliminating kicking a grounded opponent), which differed from other leagues which were more in favour of realistic fights. In 1993, the Gracie family brought Brazilian jiu-jitsu, developed in Brazil from the 1920s, to the United States by founding the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) MMA promotion company in 1993. However, in 1983 the Pennsylvania State Senate passed a bill prohibiting the sport. The company sanctioned ten tournaments in Pennsylvania. created the first regulated MMA league in the United States, called Tough Guy Contest, which was later renamed Battle of the Superfighters. Antonio Inoki exhibition bout (which ended in a draw after 15 rounds), fought between boxer Muhammad Ali and wrestler Antonio Inoki in Japan, where it later inspired the foundation of Pancrase in 1993 and Pride Fighting Championships in 1997. A precursor to modern MMA was the 1976 Muhammad Ali vs. In the West, the concept of combining elements of multiple martial arts was popularized by Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do during the late 1960s to early 1970s. The Gracie family was known to promote Vale Tudo matches as a way to promote their own Brazilian jiu-jitsu style. In Brazil, there was the sport of Vale Tudo, in which fighters from various styles fought with little to no rules. ĭuring the early 20th century, various interstylistic contests took place throughout Japan and in the countries of the Four Asian Tigers. The question of who actually coined the term is subject to debate. The first documented use of the term mixed martial arts was in a review of UFC 1 by television critic Howard Rosenberg in 1993. Mixed martial arts ( MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred ( NHB), and ultimate fighting, is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, incorporating techniques from various combat sports including boxing, kickboxing and martial arts from around the world. International Mixed Martial Arts Federation Shane Carwin, main event of UFC 131 in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 2011
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